You can access almost every catalog as well as historical catalogs from most colleges in the US here http://www.collegesource.org/

There is a small fee involved per catalog and this is a subscription service. Looking at every catalog in the USA could run you many thousand dollars, there are a lot of colleges in the USA. It is used by college registrars to compare courses from one college to those of another for the purpose of equivalent credit.

It won’t list the professor of each course though, just what courses are offered at each college.

What degree are you looking to get? There are several different kinds. Freshman, Sophomore, etc are terms used to describe students at a 4-year university: Freshman = 1st year Sophomore = 2nd year Junior = 3rd year Senior = 4th year However, these labels are loosely applied because you get your degree not on the number of years you attend per se, but by the amount of required units you have completed to attain the degree. Each class is worth a certain number of units, usually either 3 or 5 units. If you complete the class, you’re awarded the unit points. There’s some other complex junk thrown in, especially if you want to go for more than just an Associate’s degree at a public college, but that’s basically how it works.

I doubt it. I’ve attended a few universities, and they usually didn’t know some of that information until a few days before the course began.

not likely