Having freedom is not the same as having all the freedoms that had been enjoyed by the people who had never been slaves.

Even though the slaves had been freed, the people of the time were accustomed to treating the blacks as someghint less than huan, and now they just treated them as second class citizens.

It takes a long time after a people are freed, or get the vote (e.g. women), for the rest of the humans to psychologically behave as if that truth is there.

After the Civil War, there was a principle of separate but equal where segregation could occur, but the blacks supposedly got all the same stuff as the whites.

The truth was that the whites got it more than equal, and blacks less than equal, so ultimately there had to be some changes to conform to the promises of the constitution.

3) Despite the gains achieved during the Reconstruction era, progress toward equality soon came to an end. It was the 1877 withdrawal of Federal troops from the South by newly elected Republican President Rutherford B. Hayes that led to the end of black political participation. White Southern Democrats soon took control from black and white Republican office holders. By the end of 1877, all of the gains of Reconstruction disappeared and blacks were again relegated to second-class citizenship. It was not until the civil rights movement in the 1960s that blacks would finally receive full citizenship rights.

http://afroamhistory.about.com/cs/reconstruction/a/reconstruction.htm

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