ek

11

gyarah

21

ikees

31

ikttees

41

ikttalees

2

ddo

12

barah

22

baabees

32

baattees

42

byaalees

3

tteen

13

tterah

23

ttebees

33

ttettees

43

ttrattalees

4

char

14

chauddah

24

chaubees

34

chauttees

44

chaulees

5

paa.nch

15

pa.ndrah

25

pachchees

35

pai.nttees

45

pai.nttalees

6

chhe

16

solah

26

chhabees

36

chhattees

46

chhiyalees

7

saatt

17

sattrah

27

sattabees

37

sai.nttees

47

sai.nttalees

8

aath

18

athaarah

28

aathabees

38

aathattees

48

aathattalees

9

nau

19

unees

29

unattees

39

unttaalees

49

unchaass

10

das

20

bees

30

tees

40

chalees

50

pachaas

Pronunciation of Cardinal Numbers in Hindi (51 to 100)

51

ikaavan

61

ikasath

71

ikahattar

81

ikiyaasee

91

ikyanave

52

baavan

62

baasath

72

baahattar

82

biyaasee

92

biyaanave

53

ttrapan

63

ttrasath

73

ttehattar

83

ttiryaasee

93

ttiryaanave

54

chauvan

64

chausath

74

chauhattar

84

chauraasee

04

chauranave

55

pachpan

65

pai.nsath

75

pachahttar

85

pachaasee

05

pachaanave

56

chhapan

66

chhiyasath

76

chhiyahttar

86

chiyahsee

96

chiyahnave

57

sattavan

67

sattsath

77

sattahttar

87

sattaasee

97

sattaanave

58

aathavan

68

aathasath

78

aathahttar

88

aathaasee

98

aathaanave

59

unsath

69

unattar

79

unaasee

89

navaasee

99

ninyanave

60

saath

70

saattar

80

assee

90

nabe

100

sau

Vertically the tables above show progression of units and horizantally the progression of tens. Above one hundred the progression continues as in English, but the conjunction ‘and’ (aur) is not necessary. Instead of saying ‘ek sau aur tees’ (one hundred and thirty) you will say ‘ek sau tees’.

The breaking of high numerals by commas reflect the three tier system like: ‘hazaar’ (thousand), ‘laakh’ (100 thousand = lac), karord (10 million = crore), arab (1000 million), rather than the multiples of thousands used in English. For example the number 35,250,475 will appear as:

3,52,50,475 and will be spoken as ‘tteen crore, baavan laakh, pachaas hazaar, char sau pachahttar’.

Money

Indian currency is expressed in rupees called ‘rupiyaa’. The currency symbol in Hindi is ‘þ’ (Rs.). India adopted ‘Decimal’ system of currency in 1957. There are 100 ‘nayaa paisaa’ (nayaa paisaa) to a rupee. Before 1957 the rupee consisted of ‘solah aane’ (1/16th of a rupee), one ‘aanaa’ consisted of ‘chaar paise’ (1/64 of a rupee) and one paisaa consisted of ‘tteen paayee’ (1/192 of a rupee). These expressions are still popular in colloquial Hindi. For example:

bullet ‘aath aane’ (half a rupee = 50 nayaa paisaa)

bullet mai.n paaee paaee kaa hissaab doo.nga (I will account for the smallest unit of the currency)

bullet yah baatt solah aane sach hai (it is 100% true)

In the table we have shown every day usages of some number and money-related sentences. For practice please change these sentences by substituting the nouns and numbers taken from the above table.

यह कमीज़ कितने की है yeh (kameez) kittane kee hai? How much for this (shirt)?

इसका क्या दाम है isakaa kyaa ddaam hai? What’s the price of this?

यह तीन सौ पचास रुपये की है yah tteen sau pachaas rupaye kee hai It is of three hundred fifty rupees

कुल कितना पैसा हुआ kul kittanaa paisaa huaa What is the total (cost).

सब मिलाकर पांच सौ हुये sab milaakar paa.nch sau huye That will be five hundred altogether.

यह तो बहुत महंगा है yah tto bahutt maha.ngaa hai. This is very costly

दाम भाव बढ़् गये हैं। ddaam (bhaav) ba.rdh gaye hai.n. The prices have gone up.

कुछ रियायत करेंगे kuchh riyaayatt kare.nge? Would you give some discount?

आज नकद कल उधार aaj nakkadd kal uddhaar No credit. (we will take cash today, come tomorrow for credit)

मैंने सात रुपये में पंच सेव खरीदे। mai.nne saatt rupaye me.n pa.nch sev khareedde. I bought five apples for seven rupees.

एक और एक ग्यारह होते हैं – एकता में बल होता है। ek aur ek gayaarah hotte hai.n, ekttaa me.n bal hottaa hai. One and one becomes eleven. There is strength in unity,

यहां से नौ दो ग्यारह हो जओ। yahaa.n se nau ddo gayaarah ho jao. Run away from here.

वह चौदहवीं का चांद लग रही थी vah chauddahvee.n ka chaa.ndd lag rahee tthee She looked beautiful (like moon of the fourteenth night).

उसने छतीस घात् क पानी पीया है। usane chhattees ghat ka paanee peeyaa hai. He is very clever (lit: he has drunk water of 36 river banks).

Indian currency notes are in the denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 rupees. Coins start at 10, 20, (not used so much these days) 25, 50 paise and 1, 2, 5 and 10 rupees. U.S. dollars are the easiest currency to change in Indian rupees. The current rate of exchange is Rs.48 to a dollar. A growing number of hotels, restaurants and shops accept travelers checks and credit cards like American Express, Visa and Mastercard.

Calendar

Indians follow two official calendars – international Christian calendar, and the traditional Vikram Sa.nvatt (founded by the king Vikramamaditya in the year 57-58 before christ). Indian Hindu calendar is still popular for religious ceremonial occasions. A month is divided in two halves of 15 lunar days. The year begins in the month of ‘chaitt’ (March-April). The first half of the month begins with the full moon called ‘shukl pakshya’ (bright half). The second halft begins with the new moon and is called ‘krish.n pakshya’. You will learn to talk about Indian calendar and festivals on the next two Example pages.

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