In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

This allows you to have a jury trial rather than a judge. You can waive that right. It also protects you from being retrialed if you are found not guilty of criminal charges.

The 9th and 10th are not so easy…

Amendment IX

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

Amendment X

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.

What they originally meant was that Congress had certain enumerated powers. That was all that Congress could do. Nothing more. If the Federal gov’t was not given the authority to do something, they could not do it. The States retain the right to enact their laws, and hte people retain their rights otherwise.

Over the years, the Federal gov’t has expanded its role beyond those enumerated powers. The Supreme Court has seldom put the brakes on them when they stepped outside their boundaries. Some legal scholars consider the 9th and 10th amendments all but dead.

“In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. ”

It means that a person is entitled to a jury trial if it amounts to $20 or more.

Ninth Amendment

“The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.”

This amendment means that there are additional rights that we have that is not mentioned in the Constitution and in the first eight amendments. An example of a right that is not included but which is considered one of our rights is the privacy of marriage.

Tenth Amendment

“The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”

The tenth Amendment means that any power not given to the states or denied to them is left to the individual states and the people.

Powers given to the federal government by the Constitution are called delegated powers since they were unlisted. Powers that the states have are based on what was left over and therefore are called residual or reserved powers.