2-Close to the customer – learning from the people served by the business.

3-Autonomy and entrepreneurship – fostering innovation and nurturing ‘champions’.

4-Productivity through people- treating rank and file employees as a source of quality.

5-Hands-on, value-driven – management philosophy that guides everyday practice – management showing its commitment.

6-Stick to the knitting – stay with the business that you know.

7-Simple form, lean staff – some of the best companies have minimal HQ staff.

8-Simultaneous loose-tight properties – autonomy in shop-floor activities plus centralised values.