What is the relation between Vindicate and Vindictive?
vindicate – 1. to clear, as from an accusation, imputation, suspicion, or the like: to vindicate someone’s honor.
2. to afford justification for; justify: Subsequent events vindicated his policy.
3. to uphold or justify by argument or evidence: to vindicate a claim.
4. to assert, maintain, or defend (a right, cause, etc.) against opposition.
7. to get revenge for; avenge.
8. Obsolete. to deliver from; liberate.
9. Obsolete. to punish.
then vindictive means vengeful, but i always had the idea that vindicate was a positive word, and these obsolete definitions are more of a match for ‘vindictive’ does anyone have info on the origins of these words? and why are the last 2 definitions obsolete?
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Vindictive
1623, “to avenge or revenge,” from L. vindicatus, pp. of vindicare (see vindication). Meaning “to clear from censure or doubt, by means of demonstration” is recorded from 1635.
Vindication
1484, “act of avenging, revenge,” from L. vindicationem (nom. vindicatio) “act of claiming or avenging,” from vindicare “to set free, lay claim to, assert, avenge” (related to vindicta “revenge”), probably from vim dicare “to show authority,” from vim, accusative of vis “force” + root of dicere “to say” (see diction). Meaning “justification by proof, defense against censure” is attested from 1647.
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