Why does february only have 28 days?
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When introduced, January was given 29 days and put at the beginning of the calendar year. February was given 23 days and put at the end. Then, for an undetermined period shortly after Rome’s founding, months were said to have begun when a new moon was first sighted. At some later time, month lengths were separated from lunations and again became fixed. At that time, February’s original length was extended by five days which gave it a total of 28.
February’s short length has been a subject of much debate among historians, most of the theories you’ve heard above have their champions in the historical community (except “duh, becuase that’s when leap years totally are.” That’s just silly). None of these theories, however, have enough evidence to be concretely agreed to as the likely reason for February’s short reign on the calendar.
I can tell you that it was originally a “throwaway” winter month while the Romans waited for the crops, but that’s all I really know for certain about the calendar’s abuse of February.
Here’s a link with what I think is the most plausible explanation:
http://www.wordorigins.org/index.php/more/766/
The Romans borrowed much of their first calendar from the Greeks, whose year had ten months and 304 days. The leftover days were simply ignored. They felt in the middle of winter, which was considered unimportant as the calendar’s main purpose was to help with farming. So, the Roman year ran from March to December.
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