The wild ancestor of Malus domestica is Malus sieversii. It has no common name in English, but is known in Kazakhstan, where it is native, as ‘alma’; in fact, the region where it is thought to originate is called Alma-Ata, or ‘father of the apples’. This tree is still found wild in the mountains of Central Asia in southern Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Xinjiang, China.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apples

Over 7,500 cultivars of the apple are known. The following is a list of the more common and important cultivars, with the year and place of origin (where documented), and whether each produces cooking apples or dessert apples.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_apple_cultivars