on the phone: Hello, this is (your name)

in a letter: Dear (first name if informal followed by a comma. Use a person’s title such as Mr., Mrs, or Miss (last name followed by semi-colon if formal)

first time person to person: if being introduced, “Hello, I am pleased to meet you.” may be followed by hand shake (if it is female to male usually shake hands if the female extends her hand. Also, a gentleman stands up to greet a lady)

When a child formally greets a elder, he should use their title and last name. Informally, they could even use a nickname. The same goes for adults in formal and informal situations. There are many informal greetings depending on how well you know the person, such as Hi, Hey, How’s it going? Hi, how are you? The same way you would say Good Bye, See you later,Take care and so on.

Other info:

http://www.emilypost.com/everyday/forms_of_address.htm

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and all kinds of greetings on this site :- www.123greetings.com.