While different organizations for the subject areas you mentioned have created national standards, most STATE Departments of Education create their own set of curriculum standards for each of the subject areas, although they usually refer to the national standards when writing them. Once the standards are written, they write the scope and sequence for what topics should be taught at each grade level. These are written on the state level because when it comes to education, most states believe in states right and think THEY are the ones who should decide what is best for their students and not the national government.

Who writes the standardized tests? Big testing companies who get paid big bucks to create them!!