trade with the far east, rise of the middle class, check out Guttenberg

reform was not on the Pope’s agenda, so Luther was kicked out. reform was needed, but it took too long for Catholic Church to do anything about it.

question 3 unclear

gold and natural resources, mainly; faster trade routes to China (that would be Columbus in particular, followed by the search for a way around America)

q5 – i cannot in good conscience give you that very large answer. Wikipedia should be your next stop.

1. Better economic structures (a rising of middle class merchants), phasing out of the plague (causing an increase in the population and markets), Roman Catholocism, better ships and shipping technology, trade… Economy is one of the most important factors; if you aren’t strictly in survival mode, you have a chance to indulge in deeper thoughts and persue other things!

2. He questioned the Catholic system of indulgences (HUGE DEAL); he was one of the first to proclaim that “you don’t have to buy God’s love”. The Catholic church was severe in its reaction to Luther, but his philosophy spread and made sense. Also, the printing of the Gutenberg bible helped people have personal access to the bible. They could think the theology over for themselves.

3. Martin Luther?

4 People were looking for spices, and a passage to the far EAST… It seems funny; there were no preservatives or refrigeration, so they needed spices to make their food tast better. Much of the discovery of the New World was a result of just wanting better tasting food! Now, we in the New World have the best tasting food; and the biggest waistlines!

5. By the manner of force (later, Manifest Destiny).

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1.as what i have known, my teacher told us that various theories have been proposed to explain its origin and characteristics, focusing on an assortment of factors, including the social and civic peculiarities of Florence at this time including its political structure and the patronage of its dominant family, the Medici.

most historians agree that the ideas that characterized the Renaissance had their origin in late 13th century Florence, in particular with the writings of Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) and Francesco Petrarch (1304–1374), as well as the painting of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337).Yet it remains unclear why the Renaissance began in Italy, and why it began when it did. Accordingly, several theories have been put forward to explain its origins

2. luther’s theology challenged the authority of the papacy by emphasizing the Bible as the sole source of religious authority and all baptized Christians as a general priesthood. According to Luther, salvation was attainable only by faith in Jesus as the Messiah, a faith unmediated by the church. These ideas helped to inspire the Protestant Reformation and changed the course of Western civilization.

Luther’s translation of the Bible into the vernacular, making it more accessible to ordinary people, had a tremendous political impact on the church and on German culture. The translation also furthered the development of a standard version of the German language, added several principles to the art of translation, and influenced the translation of the English King James Bible. His hymns inspired the development of congregational singing within Christianity.His marriage to Katharina von Bora set a model for the practice of clerical marriage within Protestantism.

3. the Renaissance as it occurred in Northern Europe has been termed the “Northern Renaissance”. It arrived first in France, imported by King Charles VIII after his invasion of Italy. Francis I imported Italian art and artists, including Leonardo Da Vinci, and at great expense built ornate palaces. Writers such as François Rabelais, Pierre de Ronsard, Joachim du Bellay and Michel de Montaigne, painters such as Jean Clouet and musicians such as Jean Mouton also borrowed from the spirit of the Italian Renaissance.

4. In the early fifteenth century, Europeans sailed out of sight of the coastlines of Europe for the first time and ventured into the Atlantic Ocean. In order to navigate, sailors had to learn to harness the wind systems of the Atlantic, which produce a clockwise wind carousel north of the equator and a counterclockwise wind carousel south of the equator. Christopher Columbus used the northern carousel to reach the West Indies in 1492, and Vasco da Gama used both to circumnavigate the Cape of Good Hope and enter the Indian Ocean in 1497. Europeans discovered a very different wind system dominating the Indian Ocean. Monsoon winds, formed as a result of air warming or cooling over the Asian continent, create a seasonal cycle whereby summer winds propel sailors to India and winter winds propel sailors to Africa.

sorry i dont know the answer in no. five..,

hope this can help..,