By 1854, Tammany’s lineage and support from immigrants made it a powerful force in New York politics. Tammany controlled businesses, politics, and sometimes law enforcement. Businesses would give gifts to their workers and, in exchange, tell the workers to vote for the politicians that were supported by Tammany (usually a straight Democratic ticket). In 1854, the Society elected its first New York City mayor. Tammany’s “bosses” (called the “Grand Sachem”) and their supporters enriched themselves by illegal means. The most infamous boss of all was William M. “Boss” Tweed. Tweed’s control over the Tammany Hall machine allowed him to win election to the New York State Senate. His political career ended when he became mired in corruption, and he went to prison along with his partner Francis I.A. Boole, after his ousting at the hands of a reform movement led by New York’s Democratic governor Samuel J. Tilden in 1872. In 1892, a Protestant minister, Charles Henry Parkhurst, made a widely heard denunciation of the Hall, which led to a Grand Jury investigation, the appointment of the Lexow Committee and the election of a reform mayor in 1894.